Book Review: Security Power Tools

Authors: Burns, Granick, Manzuik, Guersch, Killion, Beauchesne, Moret, Sobrier, Lynn, Markham, Iezzoni, Biondi

Publisher: O’Reilly

$59.99

Rating: 4 out of 5 stars (****)

If you are tired of reading some Harry Potter or some such thing, and decide to devour 780+ pages of information security how-to, this is a pretty good candidate.

The book covers everything from legal and ethical issues to pretty deep knowledge of the tools and techniques used to do infosec work. It won’t make you an expert, but it is a much friendlier manual than the included docs for a whole lot of tools.

My favorite section is chapter 10, which covers the art and science of shell code, custom exploits and some great tools for making this often tough job a whole lot easier. The diagrams and code examples in this chapter alone make the book worth the money for the reference shelf, and you would get all of the rest too!

All in all, the book is easy to read, the examples are clear and easily understood. The graphics are clean and crisp, which makes it much simpler to follow along on your own systems. Basically, as with most O’Reilly books, the layout and design is excellent.

Check it out if you are getting tired of wizards and such. The ROI is likely higher and you might even learn a new skill or two to help you in the day. In the end, that should be the measure of a good security book – right?

Daylight Savings Time & Sonicwall VPN Problems

Day light savings time caused us to fall back an hour this weekend. Unfortunately it looks like some gadgets and systems missed the memo. Be sure to check all of your systems, routers, firewalls, and other devices to make sure they’re all in sync.

Also, Sonicwall VPN has been found vulnerable to a few issues. The issues could allow an attacker to delete arbitrary files on a host computer, or possibly even compromise the system. Sonicwall has already released an update, so get the newest firmware to mitigate these problems.

A Couple of Interesting Developments

First, a couple of new tools are available specifically geared at cracking Oracle 11g password hashes. These are specifically aimed at attacking the newest features that 11g introduces to better protect the passwords. They also have some short cuts for those folks still making the old style DES passwords available (likely for backwards compatibility with older apps or uses). Essentially, these new mechanisms are slower than old hash attacks, but are still effective. In today’s world of computational power and bot-net distributed password cracking capability, it is pretty darn safe to assume that if the attacker can get the hash – they can get the password.

Another issue that is likely to be an annoyance for some folks is that a new remote Denial of Service attack has been identified in Ubuntu 6.06 DHCP server. While the attacker can’t really gain access to the system using it, they can replace the dead DHCP server with their own, which could include malicious entries and other annoyances. This DHCP server is popular in many cyber cafes I have visited – particularly outside of the US. Just another reminder that you have to pay attention to network connectivity. It might seem like ubiquitous wireless access is a boon, but without the capability to trust the network you use, you have little reason to trust the content you receive!  — Just a reminder!

Noel Brings Reminder to Review DR/BC Plans

For those folks on the east coast, Hurricane Noel should probably figure into your weekend plans. The storm is looking like a near miss for much of the eastern seaboard, but should be a strong reminder for folks to review their Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity plans for currency.

If you look in your policies folders and don’t see a DR/BC plan, now might be a good time to form a task group for making them. Given the wacky weather patterns lately, they might prove to be handy in the future. At the very least, you can rest a little easier just knowing they are there.

For those folks wondering what I am talking about, click here for more info on the storm.

If you want to do more reading on DR/BC policies, check out this wikipedia article.

Vulnerability Updates, Firefox 2.0.0.9, and a Mac Trojan

Similar to previously reported vulnerabilities, Symantec’s Mail Security Appliance is vulnerable to denial of service and a buffer overflow. This is due to insecurity in a third party tool. The exploit can be triggered when the appliance checks a specially crafted file. Administrators are recommended to update to version 5.0.0-36 or later.

Two ActiveX controls installed on client systems using SonicWALL SSL VPN contain vulnerabilities. The first, NeLaunchCtrl, contains boundary errors in a number of functions that could result in a buffer overflow by visiting a malicious site. The WebCacheCleaner control contains an insecure “FileDelete()” method that can be exploited to delete arbitrary files on a system. Firewall admins should update to firmware version 2.5 for SonicWALL SSL VPN 2000/4000, and version 2.1 for SonicWALL SSL-VPN 200.

Hewlett-Packard OpenView Radia Integration Server contains a vulnerability that could allow remote attackers to access arbitrary files on the system. The issues is within the HTTP server running on TCP port 3456 and can be exploited without authentication. Attackers could use this to access configuration or log files which could aid in furthering an attack.

In other news, Firefox update 2.0.0.9 has been released. This is not a security fix, but a stability release. Users should be running at least version 2.0.0.8.

A mac based Trojan, a malicious video codec, is in the wild. Spam emails directing people to pornographic websites are hoping to lure users in to downloading a required codec to watch videos. Once downloaded, no codec is actually installed but a Trojan virus instead.

Slight Increases in SSH Probes

Our HoneyPoints have been picking up slight increases in the probes and brute force attacks against port 22 – SSH. We are seeing increases in wide scale SSH scans and attacks against common login/password combinations.

Now might be a good time for folks to take a look at their perimeter and make sure no one has poked an SSH exposure through. If you have some, they should be immediatly audited for common account use. Treat any system with these issues as likely compromised and initiate an investigation.

Most of these compromised systems are used for further scanning and many have bot-net clients installed. Keep an extra eye on your logs for obvious forms of bot-net traffic, such as IRC connections, odd ports and outbound half-open TCP connections.

InstallShield Issues and BorderManager Vulns

Macrovision InstallShield Update Service contains an insecure method vulnerability. InstallShield contains an ActiveX control that is marked safe for scripting. An attacker could leverage the update service to download and install malicious software. Due to the fact that it is marked safe for scripting, this could be exploited by a malicious web site or a downloaded application. The following ActiveX control should be disabled so that Internet Explorer will not load the control.

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\ActiveX Compatibility\{E9880553-B8A7-4960-A668-95C68BED571E}]

“Compatibility Flags”=dword:00000400

The updated versions of FlexNet and InstallShield products will not be marked safe for scripting.

Additionally, Novell Border Manager Client is vulnerable to a remote heap-based buffer overflow. The vulnerability exists within the Client Trust Application and can be exploited by sending a specially crafted packet to the application. Successful exploitation could result in the exploitation of arbitrary code. The vulnerability is reported in Novell BorderManager 3.8.

Things You Need to Know about Bot Net Attacks

Bot nets are one of the most common forms of compromise on the Internet today. Bot networks grew out of the explosion of home and user systems and the common availability of high speed Internet connections. Basically, they are little more than systems that attackers have compromised and put under their control that use some type of mechanism to get new tasks or commands and report their results.

Mostly, bot infected computers are home systems that attackers often use for scanning other systems, sending spam or performing other illicit activities. Often, the controller of the bot systems will rent or sell the bot services to others. No matter if they use the systems themselves, or sell their services – usually the master is after one thing, MONEY.

That’s right. They make money from the illicit use of YOUR system, if it belongs to a bot network. They use your hardware and your bandwidth, and they receive the returns. Even worse, if your system would be used in a serious crime, there may be criminal and civil penalties for YOU. While case law continues to grow on this, it appears there may be some capability for some victims of the bot net to come back at you for failing to adequately protect your system – which ultimately caused them damage.

So, the big question is – how do home users protect themselves from bot infections and the other issues associated with them? Primarily, they do by following this advice:

  1. Ensure that your computer has a firewall and anti-virus at all times. Make sure the firewall is engaged and that the anti-virus software is up to date.
  2. Keep your computer current on patches. Turn on the auto-update capabilities of the operating system and make sure you patch your applications if they have available update mechanisms as well. This is a lot like safe sex in that failure to be safe even once can have long term implications on your security.
  3. Consider using a browser that is somewhat hardened or hardening your browser. There are a ton of browsers out there, and a ton of tools for hardening the common ones. Check them out and make sure your browsing tools are protecting you against attack. Don’t use default installs of IE or FireFox – configure them for higher protections, if at all possible.
  4. Consider other security tools and mechanisms. You need spyware tools and other security mechanisms if you travel. Spend some time reading about mobile security and apply what you can to your life.
  5. If in doubt, rebuild your system. THIS IS CRITICAL – there are simply some things that can be done to a computer that impact the long term security of it. If you have doubts about your system’s security – rebuild it and protect it from the start. If you know you have an infection or problem – backup your critical data and rebuild. It is much easier than most other solutions.

Take these steps and some basic vigilance and apply them to your computing experience. Bot nets will continue to be a primary threat to Internet users, but being smart about them and aware of the defenses makes you less likely to be a victim.

WatchDog Content Moving to StateOfSecurity.com

If you are a regular WatchDog product user, then you may already know this, but on November 1, 2007 MSI will move all WatchDog content to this blog and begin to phase out the WatchDog client program.

This is being done to simplify the use and access to the information and to enable users to easily leverage our threat intelligence offerings via RSS and other popular mechanisms without using our locked-in client.

The same information that WatchDog has brought to you for years will continue, but hosted here instead of through the WatchDog client. It will also be stored in the emerging threats category – thus making it easy to subscribe or filter on.

We hope you continue to benefit from our work and insights, and please, let us know how you like the WatchDog content and if we can do something better or more helpful with the data.

Do It Yourself Identity Theft Protection

By now you have probably heard the commercials. The CEO of the company gives you their social security number to prove that they have his identity locked down. He is so confident in their process that he is willing to give the world his name, information and SSN.

I probably get asked twice a week about this service, so I decided to take a look at it a bit closer. What I found was a pretty easy manipulation of the credit management system in the US combined with some customer service and consumer offloading of tedious work. What does that mean? It means that you can outsource your identity theft protection to them or you could save $10 a month and do it yourself – IF YOU REMAIN VIGILANT.

How does it work? It works like this. Inside the US credit reporting system, there exists a  mechanism called “fraud alert”. This mechanism can be placed on any account, at any time, by the consumer. The purpose of the mechanism was originally to give people who have already been a victim of identity theft a tool for ensuring that no further damage would occur. The mechanism works like this:

  1. The consumer, or someone with their power of attorney, contacts the major credit reporting agencies and requests a “fraud alert” be placed on their account.
  2. The credit agency places the “fraud alert” on the appropriate credit file. There is no charge for this, it is required by law.
  3. The credit agency MUST contact the consumer prior to approving any change, addition or new activity on the consumer’s account. Failure to do so is a violation by the credit agency of federal lending laws.
  4. The consumer must either approve or disapprove the addition or change. If they disapprove, the creditor should refuse the account activity – THUS STOPPING THE FRAUD.
  5. ** PAY ATTENTION TO THIS ONE ** The credit reporting agency removes the “fraud alert” after 90 days from the date of placement. The consumer, or their legal agent, may renew the “fraud alert” at any time after that 90 day period.

So, that said, you could save the $10 per month and contact the credit reporting agencies yourself. You simply call them and ask that the “fraud alert” be placed upon your own file. If you do that every 90 days, you will have protection from credit attacks caused by identity theft. The key is, you HAVE to do it every 90 days. Miss a day, and you have exposure…

Before you run to the phones, you should also know that having the “fraud alert” on your accounts can be a bit frustrating if you actually want to use your credit or open new loans, accounts, etc. Sometimes, creditors will simply refuse the accounts until the “fraud alert” is removed – regardless of your consent to open the account. Other than that, it is a pretty tight mechanism for protecting your information.

There has been a lot of media attention to the company in question that has made this service popular. They seem to be everywhere. Their marketing is certainly working – though I would estimate, mostly due to consumer fear. My guess is that it won’t be too long until the fears they seem to be playing to will lead to saturation and slower growth, but my friend Alex always told me “You can sell just about anything for $10 a month.”

So, at the end of the day, is this a service you buy or a task you manage yourself? Is it worth worrying about, or is it something you deal with if you have a problem? Only you can decide if you are capable of managing the work or if you would rather have someone do it for you. No matter what you decide, at least you know the facts. As with most security things, it is less magic and mystery and more of a common thing.

Should you decide to do it yourself, here are the contact numbers for the three primary credit reporting agencies and for the primary checking account verification house in the US (same thing applies)….

Equifax – 1-800-525-6285
Experian – 1-800-422-4879
Trans Union – 1-800-916-8800
Chex Systems (check fraud management) – 1-800-428-9623