Best Practices for Managing Browser Extensions in a Corporate Environment

 

In a world where efficiency is king, browser extensions have become the unsung heroes of productivity in corporate landscapes. These small software programs tailor browsing experiences to specific workflow needs, often becoming indispensable tools for employees. But this seemingly innocuous convenience can come with a hidden price: security.

In the delicate balance of utility and safety, IT departments are tasked with the crucial role of gatekeeping. They must rigorously vet and manage these extensions to avoid transforming productivity boosters into security liabilities. The challenge lies in crafting policies that protect without stifling innovation.

This article serves as a compass to navigate the complex terrain of browser extensions in a corporate environment. From understanding their significance to implementing stringent security protocols, identifying the risks of harmful add-ons, and ensuring continuous updates—every aspect converges on fortifying a company’s digital defenses while maintaining operational dexterity.

Why Browser Extensions are Important in a Corporate Environment

In today’s digital age, the importance of browser extensions in a corporate environment cannot be understated. With the increasing sophistication of cyber threats, organizations face various potential risks, including malware propagation, data leaks, and exploitation of security flaws. By managing browser extensions meticulously, enterprises can ensure that only trusted and vetted extensions are deployed within their networks, significantly reducing the hazard of security lapses.

Effective browser extension management tools are indispensable for enterprises aiming to govern the proliferation of these add-ons. Such tools grant the capability to restrict the distribution of non-compliant extensions and hinder the installation of those that may be outdated or malicious. Additionally, in bolstering the enterprise’s security posture, well-chosen and governed extensions can also play a pivotal role in augmenting productivity and improving workplace efficiency.

Indisputably, implementing a robust browser extension management strategy is a critical step towards safeguarding sensitive information, barricading unauthorized access attempts, and preserving a secure browsing experience for all users within the organizational framework.

Enhancing productivity and functionality

Browser extensions are not only pivotal for maintaining a strong security framework but are also instrumental in elevating productivity and functionality in the workplace. Take, for example, extensions like Gorgias that can significantly expedite the process of email communication. By facilitating the creation of templates and keyboard shortcuts for common responses, employees can drastically cut down on response times, thereby enhancing overall efficiency.

Moreover, the ability to customize keyboard shortcuts enables users to summon frequently employed phrases and templates at the press of a button, making repetitive tasks less time-consuming. Employing enterprise-grade browsers that offer enhanced control over unauthorized installs can further amplify security, consequently affording an environment where productivity tools are leveraged to their full potential without compromise.

To ensure the utmost safety and functionality, a thorough inspection of these extensions with specialized tools is essential. As such, only extensions that withstand rigorous safety checks become part of the workspace, cleanly integrating into the overall workflow without introducing security concerns.

Addressing specific business needs

Browser extension management transcends routine workflow optimization—it is a cornerstone for upholding stringent security and compliance standards within the enterprise. Leveraging a dedicated browser extension management tool is the linchpin in mitigating the risk presented by treacherous extensions that could threaten the organizational network’s integrity.

Products like Browser Security Plus empower IT administrators to orchestrate the dispersion of secure extensions while blocking those classified as malevolent. This ensures the network’s defenses remain impenetrable. Moreover, enterprise browsers, tailor-made for corporate demands, come with reinforced security features and sophisticated management abilities, thus, striking the perfect balance between functionality and security.

Centralized management of enterprise browsers via platforms such as Chrome Browser Cloud Management or Unified Endpoint Management systems allow IT teams to enforce security policies, gain visibility into security events, and robustly monitor browsing activities. This proactive stance on management ensures that the enterprise’s browsing ecosystem remains in lockstep with its larger security framework, all while adapting to the specific needs of the business.

Security Policies for Browser Extensions

In the contemporary digital workspace, enterprises need to be vigilant against security threats that continuously evolve in sophistication. One integral layer of defense comes from implementing rigorous security policies for browser extensions. These policies serve as a bulwark against malware, phishing attacks, and potential data loss, enabling an enterprise to maintain a secure browsing environment.

Security browser extensions proactively manage risks by offering a suite of features including content and URL filtering, secure browsing habits, and protection from inbound malicious threats. Furthermore, by enabling governance capabilities with varied policy settings, organizations can fine-tune control over the browsing experience, thereby tailoring security measures to the enterprise’s needs.

Having clear delineations of permissible actions, authentication requirements for particular operations, and rigorous control over sensitive data access are critical facets of enforcing these security policies. Such measures ultimately prevent unauthorized behavior, thus protecting the systems and data of an organization from the myriad of threats lurking within the digital realm.

Developing and enforcing strict security policies

The development and enforcement of stringent security policies revolve around detailed rule-making that governs browser extension use. By establishing policies, organizations can block access to certain websites, regulate the installation of plugins, and define user permissions. Such governance aligns security determinations with organizational requirements, paving the way to create a harmonized and secure browsing infrastructure.

These policies can be fine-grained to cater to an enterprise’s specific security and compliance mandates, ranging from mandatory extensions to those that are strictly forbidden. Executing these policies calls for a blend of restrictive measures, vigilant computer monitoring, real-time administrative controls, and robust agent-based web filters to enforce website blacklists and ensure compliance.

To bolster security efforts, these policies must be supplemented with malware and phishing protections, deploying AI for automatic threats detection. This technology provides real-time threat analysis and guides users away from potential risks, ensuring workplace browsing is a safe and regulated activity.

Defining acceptable and prohibited extensions

When it comes to regulating extensions, defining what is acceptable and what is not is paramount to maintaining security integrity. Acceptable extensions should align with business needs and pass through critical evaluation for safety before being sanctioned for use. Conversely, enterprises must be unwavering in prohibiting extensions that pose any risk of accessing and compromising sensitive corporate data.

Enforcing an effective extension policy requires not only blocking installations of unauthorized add-ons but also managing the permissions assigned to the extensions in use. By regulating these permissions, enterprises can control the level of access granted to devices, hence mitigating vulnerabilities.

Moreover, there must be strict controls to curb the proliferation of unnecessary administrative privileges. This minimizes the risk associated with compromised high-privilege accounts which could otherwise serve as gateways for security breaches.

Table 1: Extension Management Policy Guidelines

Policy Aspect

Description

Examples

Acceptable Extensions

Those vetted for aligning with business goals and safety.

Password Managers, VPNs, Productivity Tools

Prohibited Extensions

Those posing risks and unauthorized access to data.

Unvetted Social Media Plugins, Unknown Developer Tools

Permissions Management

Control over the extent of extension access to devices.

Limiting to Read/Write on specific sites or data

Admin Privilege Limitation

Prevention of excess high-privilege accounts.

Enforcing the principle of least privilege

Enforcing these policies with diligence ensures that enterprises can maintain a secure and productive browsing environment that contributes to their overall success.

Risks Posed by Malicious Extensions

In the digital workplace, the integration of browser and email plugins can streamline workflows and enhance efficiency. However, these tools also introduce significant security risks to the enterprise when malicious extensions enter the network. Malicious actors exploit browser extensions to carry out a range of harmful activities. They can automate clicking on pay-per-click ads for financial gains, collect sensitive user data without consent, and more alarmingly, intercept messages – including those from platforms like Gmail. There have been notable instances, such as a counterfeit ChatGPT extension, crafted to hijack Facebook accounts, showing how the semblance of legitimacy can mask a rogue extension’s true intent.

Owing to the insufficient screening of browser extension marketplaces, the gatekeeping of such plugins is often inadequate, leaving the door open for those with malicious intentions to enter. This laxity in oversight can lead to enterprise networks being hit with spam delivery, unauthorized saving of user inputs, and injection of harmful codes directly through the browser interface. These risks underscore the imperative need to exercise extreme caution and implement preemptive measures against the encroachment of hazardous browser plugins and extensions.

Not only can these extensions steal information like login credentials, but they can also harbor code-level vulnerabilities including bugs or outdated elements that can jeopardize the very integrity of the browsers and create security loopholes. In a preventative vein, enterprises can layer their security protocols with both technological and behavioral controls. This might involve barring employees from installing any extensions on business-operated devices and promoting the use of managed enterprise browsers to reduce exposure to such threats.

Understanding the potential security threats

Malicious browser extensions pose an array of potential risks that can compromise an organization’s security posture. Extensions that are poorly coded or have not been updated to patch known flaws become weak points through which attackers can launch their exploits. For instance, malicious entities can repurpose genuine extensions, creating counterfeit duplicates to deceive users. The repercussions of such deceptions range from the dissemination of spam to more dire consequences such as financial fraud.

With broad permissions in place, harmful extensions are well-placed to conduct undercover operations such as clicking on pay-per-click ads for profit, snooping on private user data, intercepting personal and professional communications, and carrying out account takeovers. These capabilities grant malicious extensions the potential to carry out espionage, fraud, and extortion.

Moreover, distinguishing safe from unsafe extensions is daunting due to the sheer number available. This challenge highlights the paramount importance of adopting a steadfast and proactive attitude toward cybersecurity. Organizations must not only rely on the utility and convenience that extensions provide but also remain acutely aware of the embedded risks they carry.

Identifying indicators of malicious extensions

To vigilantly combat the infiltration of malicious browser extensions, it is crucial to recognize their indicators. Such extensions often operate covertly, engaging in activities like secret clicks on monetized ads, wholesale collection of user data, access interception of private communications such as Gmail, and unauthorized control over social media accounts.

Cybercriminals exploit these tools to gain detailed insights into users’ browsing patterns, pilfer account credentials, and harvest Personally Identifiable Information (PII). Notorious examples of malware, such as Grandoreiro, Kimsuky, and Mispadu, have utilized malicious browser extensions to facilitate their data theft operations.

To deflect these security threats, enterprises must rigorously audit their systems to ensure all installed extensions are legitimate and do not harbor malicious intent. Instituting a browser extension whitelist, or more restrictively, a deny list, acts as a proactive execution prevention measure, effectively mitigating the risks associated with these potentially harmful plugins. A consistent review process and the ongoing education of employees about the dangers of unsanctioned extensions further fortify an organization’s defenses against these hidden dangers.

Table 2: Indicators of Malicious Extensions

Indicator

Description

Unusual Browser Behavior

Unexpected pop-ups or redirects to unknown sites

Unauthorized Ads Clicking

High ad activity without user interaction

Data Collection Anomalies

Spike in network traffic indicating data exfiltration

Account Irregularities

Unauthorized account access or messages sent

Extension Source Verification

Extensions not from verified developers or official stores

By maintaining persistent vigilance and implementing strict control measures, enterprises can safeguard their digital environments from the pernicious effects of malicious extensions, thereby preserving their operational integrity and their stakeholders’ trust.

Importance of Security Patches and Updates

In today’s fast-paced digital environment, the importance of security patches and updates cannot be overstated. With cyber threats constantly evolving, enterprises must remain vigilant by utilizing a comprehensive array of defensive measures. Web browsing proxies, content filtering, and email scanners are just some of the tools that can detect and thwart web threats before they ever reach user browsers. Browser security solutions serve as a crucial layer of defense, helping to close the gaps that malicious entities may exploit.

Notably, the implementation of automated patch management systems is central to maintaining the security perimeter. These systems ensure that browsers, operating systems, and all related software are up-to-date, minimizing the opportunities for cyber attackers to exploit known vulnerabilities. Regularly updating security patches and refining software versions add significant strength to the organization’s protection against the sophisticated and continuously evolving threats present in today’s browsing environment.

Furthermore, managing the array of extensions employees use is integral to maintaining a secure enterprise. Strict policies for managing these add-ons coupled with meticulous review processes can significantly enhance an organization’s security posture while also contributing to a more robust and streamlined user experience.

Table 1: Security Measures Enabled by Patches and Updates

Measure

Description

Web Threat Detection

Identifies potential threats through web browsing proxies and content filters.

Automated Patching

Streamlines the process of updating software to address security vulnerabilities.

Extension Management

Reviews and regulates browser and email plugins to prevent unauthorized activities.

Employee Training

Educates staff on threat recognition and avoidance techniques.

Continuous Monitoring

Ensures all systems and applications stay secure with the latest protective measures.

By following these practices, organizations can erect robust defenses against malicious activities, ensuring the continuity of their operations and the protection of sensitive data.

Staying up-to-date with the latest security patches

Amid an ever-changing cyber threat landscape, staying current with the latest security patches is a fundamental aspect of any robust cybersecurity strategy. Automated patching is indispensable as it guarantees that both browsers and operating systems operate on the latest and most secure versions available. An automated approach to patch management ensures continuous protection against vulnerabilities, making it a cornerstone of organizational security.

Security patches act as a critical defense mechanism to address exploitable flaws that could otherwise lead to data breaches or system intrusions. Consequently, a comprehensive patch management policy is vital for safeguarding networked hardware and software from these risks. Furthermore, the use of web browsing proxies and content filtering complements these efforts by proactively preventing threats from compromising user browsers.

Organizations must pair technical measures with human-centric strategies to fully fortify their security. This involves deploying regular training programs aimed at equipping employees with the skills to recognize and circumvent phishing attacks and other social engineering tactics. By merging these components, enterprises can create a multi-layered defensive infrastructure poised to counteract various cybersecurity challenges.

Implementing regular updates for enhanced security

Implementing regular updates is fundamental for maintaining an airtight security shield within an organization. Tools like Browser Security Plus monitor and promptly identify outdated plug-ins, which are common vectors for security breaches. In a corporate setting, where the stakes are invariably high, efficiently managing add-ons is a priority for upholding browser security.

Security solutions such as Symantec Endpoint Protection play a key role in equipping businesses with the capabilities to roll out fast and automatic updates. This agility is especially critical in the face of zero-day vulnerabilities, which require immediate attention to prevent exploitation. In the context of Chrome browser extensions, keeping them up-to-date is widely recognized as a best practice for enterprise security.

In managing browser extensions, enterprises can benefit from a range of strategies, such as the ability to block, enforce installation, or allow employee requests for extensions. These measures enhance overall browser security by giving organizations greater control over which extensions are permitted and ensuring that all permitted extensions are current and secure.

By embracing regular updates, businesses can significantly solidify their security stance. This proactivity not only mitigates risk but also instills confidence among stakeholders that their data and systems are well-protected against emerging threats.

Enhancing Security Posture with Proper Visibility

In an era where cybersecurity threats loom large, the importance of enhancing an organization’s security posture cannot be overstated. Proper visibility into user activities and system configurations is paramount to identifying threats and mitigating risks before they evolve into full-blown security incidents.

One of the first steps towards enhancing browser security is to track user activities including visited websites, downloaded files, and clicked links. This monitoring helps pinpoint potential threats and unusual behavior that may otherwise go unnoticed. Leveraging tools and services that provide real-time alerts and reports on these activities can significantly strengthen an enterprise’s defense mechanisms.

Gaining Insight into Security Events and Incidents

Visibility into security events and incidents is crucial for browser security management. By monitoring browser activities and configurations, IT administrators can gain valuable insights that inform the overall security strategy. It’s vital to track incidents such as password reuse, unsafe site visitations, and malware interactions. Identifying these events promptly allows for quick intervention and resolution, keeping the potential impact at a minimum.

Insights into security events can also stem from managing and tracking extension details and control movements. Approval workflows for browser extensions are essential in mitigating risks related to the permissions and capabilities granted to them. Additionally, comprehensive reporting of browser usage data—including browser versions, settings, and device information—plays a critical role in the analysis of security incidents.

Implementing Tools for Monitoring Extension Behavior

Tools like Browser Security Plus serve as an indispensable asset in monitoring the behavior of browser extensions. By distinguishing between signed and unsigned plugins, it offers a baseline assessment of the trustworthiness and safety of these components. Monitoring the permissions used by each extension sheds light on potential data security risks and helps enforce strict control over which functionalities are necessary and safe.

To effectively monitor extension behavior, IT administrators can employ tools that track not just website visits and file downloads but also detect modifications to browser settings. Watching for indicators of suspicious behavior, such as newly created files, unexpected network connections, processes, and registry key changes, is critical for holistic browser security. Before the enterprise-wide rollout, each browser extension or plugin must undergo a thorough inspection to certify its safety and reliability, thereby protecting the integrity of enterprise data and assets.

With these measures in place, organizations can significantly enhance their security posture by ensuring proper visibility and control over browser and email plugin activities within the enterprise.

Table 2: Tools and Strategies for Monitoring and Gaining Visibility

Tool/Strategy

Purpose

Benefit

Real-time User Activity Monitoring

Tracks websites visited, downloads, and link clicks

Identifies threats and unusual behavior

Extension Approval Workflows

Manages extension controls and permissions

Prevents potential vulnerabilities

Comprehensive Reporting

Gathers data on browser versions, settings, and device info

Assists in incident analysis and response

Signature Verification for Plugins

Differentiates between signed and unsigned plugins

Assesses plugin safety levels

Permission Usage Monitoring

Observes the permissions each extension utilizes

Identifies potential data security risks

Behavioral Analysis of Extensions

Detects file creation, network connections, and setting changes

Alerts to suspicious browser extension activity

Enterprises that integrate these monitoring tools and strategies into their security framework create a more transparent and secure online environment, shielding their infrastructure from the multitude of threats posed in the digital age.

Integrating with Active Directory for Seamless Management

When managing enterprise environments, the integration of browser and email plugin restrictions with Active Directory (AD) can provide a seamless and efficient centralized management experience. This integration is vital for ensuring that security policies are consistently applied across all users within the organization.

Leveraging Active Directory for centralized management

With Active Directory, configuring Group Policy Object (GPO) policies is crucial for the centralized management of browser extensions. In particular, when it comes to the installation of browser extensions, AD GPO policies take precedence, effectively becoming the highest priority and overriding any installation method—including SEP client registry values. This centralization means that IT administrators can ensure a consistent and controlled deployment, which is crucial for maintaining a secure and compliant enterprise network.

Active Directory’s Group Policy Object can also provide a streamlined approach for managing Chrome or Edge browser extensions. By utilizing the GPO, enterprises gain the ability to facilitate precise control over extension installation processes. This includes the power to prevent the installation of potentially unwanted or unauthorized extensions, which helps keep network traffic optimized by eliminating unnecessary downloads.

Active Directory Feature

Function

Impact on Management

GPO Policies

Centralized management of extensions

Overrules other installation methods

Installation Blocking

Prevention of extension installations with clients

Reduces unneeded network traffic

Add-on Management

Managing permissions and behaviors

Safeguards against vulnerabilities

Automating extension deployment and configuration

When it comes to the deployment and configuration of browser extensions, IT administrators can turn to automated solutions like Chrome Browser Cloud Management or Microsoft Group Policy Object (GPO). These platforms enable the remote installation of extensions on users’ browsers through policies such as the ‘Extension Install Forcelist’. Automating these processes not only saves time but also ensures that only authorized and necessary extensions are installed, adhering to the company’s security protocols.

To further tailor the user experience, enterprises often develop custom extensions that cater explicitly to their operational needs and then deploy these through specific policies. However, with the risk of malicious extensions that can compromise user data or inject harmful payloads, it’s recommended that enterprise environments restrict the installation of extensions on business-related devices. Security-first enterprise browsers can be configured to block unauthorized extension installs, mitigating potential security breaches before they happen.

In cases where organizations allow the installation of extensions, deploying tools to inspect and verify the security of these plugins becomes essential. These security checks help prevent any extensions with spammy behavior, suspicious permissions, or the potential to save user inputs from infiltrating the enterprise network.

By leveraging Active Directory for centralized extension management and automating the deployment of secure and custom extensions, enterprises can enhance their security posture while ensuring a robust and efficient operational environment.

Automation Tool

Purpose

Benefit

Extension Install Forcelist

Remote installation of extensions

Facilitates controlled, standardized deployment

Custom Extension Development

Craft extensions for specific needs

Meets precise enterprise requirements

Security Inspection Tools

Inspect and verify plugin safety

Prevents potential security threats

Utilizing these methodologies allows firms to maintain a strong security shield while providing users with the tools they need for productivity, without compromising on safety or control.

Efficient Management of Extension Permissions

With the ever-growing arsenal of browser extensions available, enterprises should meticulously manage the permissions such extensions are granted to ensure minimum privilege access. Permissions can act as a gateway for extensions to make changes on devices or manipulate web content under the guise of functionality. They are typically categorized into host permissions, which govern what web pages the extension can access or alter. A measured approach to assigning and overseeing these rights is germane to avert security risks akin to data theft or exploitation of browser vulnerabilities. By prudently defining and controlling the scope of access, organizations can foster an environment where security, compliance, and productivity coexist harmoniously.

A table illustrating effective permission management strategies:

Management Strategy

Objective

Benefit

Minimum Privilege

Grant only necessary permissions

Reduces risk of unauthorized data access

Host Permission Control

Define accessible web pages

Protects sensitive corporate content

Regular Audits

Review and adjust permissions

Ensures ongoing compliance and security

The efficacy of permission management lies in striking the perfect balance – allowing enough access for extensions to serve their purposed function without opening the floodgates to potential security breaches.

Controlling and Monitoring Extension Permissions

In the enterprise ecosystem, managing browser extensions by leveraging their permissions and limiting their access to only essential websites is a potent strategy for heightened security and more streamlined management. By utilizing tools and policies, such as the Runtime block hosts policy, organizations are equipped to dictate which websites extensions can interact with, thus securing critical sites from unauthorized script injections or data exfiltration attempts.

Organizations should deploy extension management tools that are pivotal in weaving a protective net capable of blocking malevolent extensions. Ensuring adherence to regulatory compliance and disseminating only vetted and safe extensions across the enterprise network also falls within the ambit of said tools. Key benefits to managing extension permissions proactively include time efficiency and a marked reduction in exposure to security vulnerabilities and potential data breaches, laying the groundwork for a fortified digital perimeter.

Monitoring Aspect

Action Item

Reasoning

Permission Requests

Assess and justify necessity

To avoid over-provisioning of access rights

Webpage Access

Limit to job-relevant domains

To minimize the risk of data compromise

Audit Trails

Maintain records of changes

For an accountability trail and easier review

Defining Role-Based Access to Minimize Risks

Role-based access control (RBAC) stands as a cornerstone in the enterprise defense strategy, concentrating on mitigating risks by aligning access permissions intricately with the specific roles and job functions within an organization. By enacting RBAC, enterprises can curtail the potential damage wielded by insider threats and curtail unauthorized glimpses into sensitive data and resources.

Effectively carving out roles and corresponding access levels enhances security measures by trimming down the attack surface. It also restricts the extent of potential security infringements. Adhering to the principle of least privilege, RBAC ensures individuals are endowed with just the right concoction of access privileges—nothing more, nothing less—vital for their responsibilities.

Here’s how role-based access control can be structured:

  1. Define roles: Identify and categorize job functions within the organization.
  2. Assign permissions: Grant access rights specifically suited to each role.
  3. Enforce restrictions: Implement technical blocks that enforce the assigned permission levels.
  4. Review regularly: Regularly reassess roles and permissions to keep up with changing job requirements and minimize stagnant access rights.

This methodical approach to defining role-based access is instrumental in buttressing the organization’s security posture, mitigating the likelihood of unauthorized activities, and therefore, diminishing the threat of data breaches in the digital enterprise landscape.

Summary

Implementing stringent browser and email plugin restrictions is essential in maintaining a secure enterprise environment. This ensures protection against the proliferation of malicious extensions that pose significant security risks. Utilizing tools such as Browser Security Plus can streamline this process by creating a secure repository of approved extensions, efficiently distributing them within the network while blocking harmful ones. Additionally, security browser extensions enhance an organization’s defenses against cyber threats, phishing, and malware through robust content filtering capabilities and policy management for safer browsing experiences.

Enterprises striving for a secure browsing infrastructure can benefit from the built-in security features and Chrome Browser Cloud Management, which emphasize Zero Trust principles and offer granular control and visibility over security events. Moreover, the Chrome Web Store’s review process for extensions adds a layer of security by requiring domain verification for installation, with options for private or unlisted deployment, manageable either manually or through policies like the Extension Install Forcelist. By enforcing active security policies, regular updates to security patches, and adhering to a strong security posture, enterprises can significantly mitigate risks and bolster their overall security infrastructure.

* AI tools were used as a research assistant for this content. MSI does not resell or endorse any products. All named products are examples only.

 

Old School Google Hacking Still Works…

Did some old school Google hacking last night.

“Filetype:xls & terms” still finds too much bad stuff.

Check for it lately for your organization?

Try other file types too. (doc/ppt/pdf/rtf, etc.)

Information leakage happens today, as it always has. Keeping an eye on it should be a part of your security program.

Podcast Release: Threats From the Net Feb 2014

The Kluniac is back! This month, the ElderGeek covers more emerging issues in infosec that came calling in February. 

Give it a listen, and touch base with him on Twitter (@pophop) to tell him what you’d like to hear on upcoming episodes. He loves the chatter and really digs listener feedback.

You can get this month’s episode by clicking here.

New threats: Unknown Cyber Threats & APT according to InfoSec Researchers in the Peoples’s Republic of China 新型威胁:未知威胁与APT 中華人民共和國

 New threats: Unknown Cyber Threats & APT according to InfoSec Researchers in the Peoples’s Republic of China 新型威胁:未知威胁与APT 中華人民共和國

 http://www.vulnhunt.com/nextgen/apt/

Good day folks;

Here’s an article about how information security researchers within the People’s Republic of China, 中華人民共和國 define ‘Unknown Cyber Threats & the innocuous Western term “APT”.

Enjoy!

Semper Fi,

謝謝您

紅龍

 

安全威胁近些年来发生巨大的变化,黑客攻击从传统带有恶作剧与技术炫耀性质逐步转变为利益化、商业化。为了突破传统的安全防御方法,一种名为APT的攻击迅速发展起来。APT是advanced persistent threat的缩写,译为高级持续性威胁。它是指近年来,专业且有组织的黑客(甚至可能有国家背景支持),针对重要目标和系统发起的一种攻击手段。

APT的主要特征:

 持续性: 攻击者为了重要的目标长时间持续攻击直到攻破为止。攻击成功用上一年到三年,攻击成功后持续潜伏五年到十年的案例都有。这种持续性攻击下,让攻击完全处于动态发展之中,而当前我们的防护体系都是强调静态对抗能力很少有防护者有动态对抗能力,因此防护者或许能挡住一时的攻击,但随时间的发展,系统不断有新的漏洞被发现,防御体系也会存在一定的空窗期:比如设备升级、应用需要的兼容性测试环境等等,最终导致系统的失守。

终端性: 攻击者虽然针对的是重要的资产目标,但是入手点却是终端为主。再重要的目标,也是由终端的人来访问的。而人在一个大型组织里,是难以保证所有人的安全能力与安全意识都处于一个很高水准之上的。而做好每个人的终端防护比服务器端防护要困难很多。通过SQL注射攻击了WEB服务器,一般也是希望利用他攻击使用这些WEB服务器的终端用户作为跳板渗透进内网。

广谱信息收集性: 攻击者会花上很长的时间和资源,依靠互联网搜集,主动扫描,甚至真实物理访问方式,收集被攻击目标的信息,主要包括:组织架构,人际关系,常用软件,常用防御策略与产品,内部网络部署等信息。

针对性: 攻击者会针对收集到的常用软件,常用防御策略与产品,内部网络部署等信息,搭建专门的环境,用于寻找有针对性安全漏洞,测试特定的木马是否能饶过检测。

未知性: 攻击者依据找到的针对性安全漏洞,特别是0DAY,根据应用本身构造专门的触发攻击的代码。并编写符合自己攻击目标,但能饶过现有防护者检测体系的特种木马。这些0DAY漏洞和特种木马,都是防护者或防护体系所不知道的。

渗透性社工: 攻击者为了让被攻击者目标更容易信任,往往会先从被攻击者目标容易信任的对象着手,比如攻击一个被攻击者目标的电脑小白好友或家人,或者被攻击者目标使用的内部论坛,通过他们的身份再对组织内的被攻击者目标发起0DAY攻击,成功率会高很多。再利用组织内的已被攻击成功的身份再去渗透攻击他的上级,逐步拿到对核心资产有访问权限的目标。

隐蔽合法性: 攻击者访问到重要资产后,往往通过控制的客户端,分布使用合法加密的数据通道,将信息窃取出来,以饶过我们的审计和异常检测的防护。

长期潜伏与控制: 攻击者长期控制重要目标获取的利益更大。一般都会长期潜伏下来,控制和窃取重要目标。当然也不排除在关键时候破坏型爆发。

从以上特性来看,可以获得如下结论

APT攻击的成本很高(专业的团队,长期的信息收集,挖掘0DAY和利用,特马,环境测试,渗透性社工与潜伏,多种检测对抗),因此只适合专业的网络犯罪团伙或有组织和国家支持的特种攻击团队

因此APT攻击是针对有重要价值资产或重要战略意义的目标,一般军工、能源、金融、军事、政府、重要高科技企业等最容易遭受APT攻击。

虽然普通网民不会遭受APT攻击的眷顾,但是如果你是APT攻击目标组织的一名普通员工甚至只是与APT攻击目标组织的一名普通员工是好友或亲戚关系,你依然可能成为APT攻击的中间跳板,当然作为普通个人,APT攻击本身不会窃走你个人什么东西(你本身就是重要人物如组织中的高级管理人员或个人主机里保存有重要资料的除外)。

不要以为你重要的信息资产只在内网甚至物理隔离就能不遭受APT攻击,因为即使物理阻止了网络层流,也阻止不了逻辑上的信息流。RSA被APT攻击利用FLASH 0DAY偷走了在内网严密保护的SECURID令牌种子,震网利用7个0DAY和摆渡成功渗透进了伊朗核设施级的物理隔离网络。

 New threats: unknown threats and APT

Security threats change dramatically in recent years, with a mischievous hacker attacks from the traditional sports and technology gradually changed the nature of the interests and commercialization. In order to break through the traditional method of security and defense, called APT attacks developed rapidly. APT is the advanced persistent threat acronym, translated advanced persistent threats. It refers to recent years, professional and organized hackers (and may even have national context support), an important goal and system for initiating a means of attack.

APT main features:

 

Sustainability: an important target for attackers continued to attack until a long break so far. A successful attack to spend one to three years, a successful attack lurking five to ten years after the last case has. This persistent attack, the attacker completely dynamically evolving, and the current emphasis of our protection system are rarely static protective ability against those who have the dynamic ability to fight, so those who may be able to block the protective moment of attack, but with the time of development, the system constantly new vulnerabilities are discovered, there will still be some defense system window period: for example, equipment upgrades, application compatibility testing environment and so require, eventually leading to the fall of the system.

Terminal resistance: Although the attacker is an important asset for a goal, but starting point is the main terminal. Further important objective, but also by people to access the terminal. And people in a large organization, it is difficult to ensure the safety of all ability and safety awareness are at a very high level above. And do everyone’s terminal protective than the server-side protection to be much more difficult. SQL injection attacks via the WEB server, are generally hoping to use him against the use of these WEB server as a springboard to penetrate into the end-user within the network.

Broad spectrum of information collection: the attacker will take a long time and resources, relying on the Internet to collect, active scanning, and even real physical access, to collect information about the target to be attacked, including: organizational structure, interpersonal relationships, commonly used software, common defense strategy and products, internal network deployment and other information.

Targeted: The attacker will be collected from the commonly used software for commonly used defense strategy and products, internal network deployment and other information, to build a dedicated environment for finding security vulnerabilities targeted to test whether a particular Trojan bypass detection.

Unknown sex: the attacker targeted basis to find security vulnerabilities, especially 0DAY, depending on the application itself is constructed of specialized trigger an attack code. And prepared in line with their targets, but it can bypass the existing system of special protection by detecting Trojans. These 0DAY loopholes and special Trojans, are protective or protective system does not know.

Permeability social workers: the attacker to allow an attacker to target more likely to trust, they tend to start with the easy confidence by attackers target object to proceed, such as attacking a target computer to be attacked by white friends or family, or the attacker targets Using the internal forum, through their identity and then the organization launched by attackers target 0DAY attack, the success rate would be much higher. Re-use within the organization’s identity has been successful attack penetration attacks his superiors to go step by step to get to the core assets have access goals.

Covert Legitimacy: the attacker access to critical assets, often through the control of the client, using the legitimate distribution of encrypted data channel, the information to steal out to bypass our audit and anomaly detection protection.

Long-term potential and control: an attacker to obtain long-term control of the interests of more important goals. Usually long-simmering down, control and steal important goals. Of course, does not rule out sabotage outbreak at a critical time.

From the point of view the above characteristics, the following conclusions can be obtained

APT attack is costly (professional team, long-term information gathering, mining and utilization 0DAY, Tema, environmental testing, permeability and latent social workers, a variety of detection confrontation) is intended only for professional or organized cybercrime gangs and national support team special attack

Therefore APT attacks are of great value for the asset or strategically important objectives, general military, energy, finance, military, government, and other key high-tech enterprise most vulnerable to APT attacks.

While ordinary users will not suffer APT attacks attention, but if you are APT attacks target tissue or even just an ordinary employee organization with APT attack targets a general staff are friends or relatives, you are still likely to be in the middle of APT attack springboard, of course, as an ordinary person, APT attack itself will not steal your personal anything (such as your own is an important figure in the senior management of the organization or individual host inside except the preservation of important data).

Do not think you important information assets are physically isolated from the internal network can not even suffer APT attacks because even if the physical network layer prevents flow logically can stop the flow of information. RSA APT attacks use FLASH 0DAY was stolen including network closely guarded SECURID token seed, Stuxnet and ferry use 7 0DAY successful penetration into the Iranian nuclear facility-level physical isolation network.

http://www.vulnhunt.com/nextgen/apt/

Threat Update: Wide Scale Phishing in Progress

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Just a quick update about the ongoing threat from malware dropped by phishing attacks. There are a lot of phishing attacks currently in progress. Fishing has been a leading form of compromise for quite some time and indicators appear to point to an increasing amount of phishing attacks and a larger amounts of damage from successful exploitation.

Many organizations are reporting wide spread phishing using recycled, older malware including Zeus, Tepfer and other common remote access tools. In some cases, these malware are repackaged or otherwise modified to evade anti-virus detection. Attackers are showing medium to high levels of success with these attacks.

Once compromised, the normal bot installation and exfiltration of data occurs. For most organizations that don’t play a role in critical infrastructure, this likely means credentials, customer information and other commercially valuable data will be targeted. For critical infrastrcuture organizations, more specific  design, future state and architectural data is being targeted along with credentials, etc.

Organizations should be carefully and vigilantly reviewing their egress traffic. They should also be paying careful attention to user desktop space and the ingress/egress from the user workstation DMZ or enclaves (You DO have your user systems segregated from your core operations, correct???). Remember, you CAN NOT depend on AV or email filtering to rebuff these attacks at a meaningful level. Detection and response are key, in order to limit the length of time the attacker has access to your environment. Anything short of full eradication of their malware and tools is likely to end with them still maintaining some level of access and potentially, control.

Now is a good time to consider having a phishing penetration test performed, or to consider using MSISimplePhish to perform some phishing for yourself. Awareness alerts and training are also encouraged. This is going to be a long term threat, so we must begin to implement ongoing controls over the entire technology/ppolicy & process/awareness stack. 

If you have any questions on phishing attacks, malware or incident response, please let us know. Our teams are used to working with these attacks and their subsequent compromises. We also have wide experience with designing enclaved architectures and implementing nuance detection mechanisms that focus on your critical assets. Feel free to touch base with us for a free 30 minute call to discuss your options for increasing security postures.

Gameframe Follow Up

This is a follow up to the original Gameframe scan post here. (**Note I have defanged the urls, edit them manually if you copy and paste)

Throughout the end of December, we saw just a few more probes in the public HITME that contained the Gameframe pattern. The ports shifted between port 80 and port 3128. The initial bursts of probes we observed were on port 3131, but they seem to now be occurring across the port spectrum.

The only host the public HITME caught these probes from was: 96.254.171.2 – WHOIS – US, Verizon

A Twitter user, (@benediktkr), also pointed out probes on port 8080 from a small batch of source IPs. He also observed the same source IP, which means the scanning is likely pretty wide, given that we have seen it from several of the HITME end points. 

Here is a quick dump of the log for the few we saw at the end of December (Output from a HoneyPoint plugin): 

2012-12-19 08:12:57|96.254.171.2|80|GET hxxp://gameframe.net/headers HTTP/1.1\nUser-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US; rv:1.9.2.28) Gecko/20120306 Firefox/3.6.28 (.NET CLR 3.5.30729)\nHost: gameframe.net\nAccept-Encoding: deflate, gzip\nProxy-Connection: Keep-Alive\nAccept-Language: en-gb,en;q=0.5\nAccept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8\nAccept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7\nPragma: no-cache\nCache-Control: no-cache\n\n
2012-12-19 12:30:38|96.254.171.2|3128|GET hxxp://gameframe.net/headers HTTP/1.1\nUser-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US; rv:1.9.2.28) Gecko/20120306 Firefox/3.6.28 (.NET CLR 3.5.30729)\nHost: gameframe.net\nAccept-Encoding: deflate, gzip\nProxy-Connection: Keep-Alive\nAccept-Language: en-gb,en;q=0.5\nAccept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8\nAccept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7\nPragma: no-cache\nCache-Control: no-cache\n\n
2012-12-28 12:46:42|96.254.171.2|3128GET hxxp://gameframe.net/headers HTTP/1.1\nUser-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US; rv:1.9.2.28) Gecko/20120306 Firefox/3.6.28 (.NET CLR 3.5.30729)\nHost: gameframe.net\nAccept-Encoding: deflate, gzip\nProxy-Connection: Keep-Alive\nAccept-Language: en-gb,en;q=0.5\nAccept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8\nAccept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7\nPragma: no-cache\nCache-Control: no-cache\n\n

We also picked up this probe, which is quite different from the others, which is interesting in general, note that the source host is also different – this time from 92.240.68.153 – WHOIS – Latvia

2012-12-27 10:29:27|92.240.68.153|80|GET hxxp://thumbs.ifood.tv/files/Salmonella_in_Vegetables.jpg HTTP/1.1 User-Agent: webcollage/1.135a Host: thumbs.ifood.tv headers HTTP/1.1\nUser-Agent: Opera/9.80 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) Presto/2.12.388 Version/12.10\nHost: gameframe.net\nAccept-Encoding: deflate, gzip\nProxy-Connection: Keep-Alive\nAccept-Language: en-gb,en;q=0.5\nAccept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8\nAccept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7\nPragma: no-cache\nCache-Control: no-cache\n\n

It is likely that others are simply using the headers output of this page for other types of probes and scans, likely to identify open proxies and alternate paths to avoid censorship or to use in proxy chains to help hide their origins for other purposes.

If you run a black list of IPs as a part of your defense, or redirect bad IPs to a HoneyPoint, you should likely add these two sources to the list if you aren’t using the automated approach.

We will continue to observe these probes and let you know what else we see. Thanks for reading.

From the HITME: Port 3131 “Gameframe” Scans

We’ve been watching some interesting scans primarily hitting our HITME sensors in Asia for the last couple of weeks. The connection occurs on port 3131/TCP and contains the following request:

GET http://gameframe.net/headers HTTP/1.1
User-Agent: Opera/9.80 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) Presto/2.12.388 Version/12.10
Host: gameframe.net
Accept-Encoding: deflate, gzip
Proxy-Connection: Keep-Alive
Accept-Language: en-gb,en;q=0.5
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7
Pragma: no-cache
Cache-Control: no-cache

The scans we have seen seem to be originating primarily from Europe.

Have you seen similar scans and probes on this port? If so, please share with us in comments or via Twitter (@lbhuston). 

In the meantime, it is worth checking your application logs if you have any custom applications deployed on this port, particularly exposed to the Internet. While we don’t see anything indicating an attack, review of anything exposed for errors or follow on attack traffic is suggested (it’s usually a good idea anyway). 

Thanks for reading! 

 

Exposed Terminal Services Remains High Frequency Threat

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Quickly reviewing the HITME data gathered from our global deployment of HoneyPoint continues to show that exposed Terminal Services (RDP) on port 3389 remains a high frequency threat. In terms of general contact with the attack surface of an exposed Terminal Server connection, direct probes and attacker interaction is seen on an average approximately two times per hour. Given that metric, an organization who is using exposed Terminal Services for remote access or management/support, may be experiencing upwards of 48 attacks per day against their exposed remote access tool. In many cases, when we conduct penetration testing of organizations using Terminal Services in this manner, remote compromise of that service is found to lead to high levels of access to the organization’s data, if not complete control of their systems.

Many organizations continue to use Terminal Services without tokens or VPN technologies in play. These organizations are usually solely dependent on the security of login/password combinations (which history shows to be a critical mistake) and the overall security of the Terminal Services code (which despite a few critical issues, has a pretty fair record given its wide usage and intense scrutiny over the last decade). Clearly, deploying remote access and remote management tools is greatly preferred behind VPN implementations or other forms of access control. Additionally, upping Terminal Services authentication controls by requiring tokens or certificates is also highly suggested. Removing port 3389 exposures to the Internet will go a long way to increasing the security of organizations dependent on RDP technology.

If you would like to discuss the metrics around port 3389 attacks in more detail, drop us a line or reach out on Twitter (@microsolved). You can also see some real time metrics gathered from the HITME by following @honeypoint on Twitter. You’ll see lots of 3389 scan and probe sources in the data stream.

Thanks for reading and until next time, stay safe out there!

MicroSolved’s Strategies & Tactics Talk: #3 APT: Less Advanced Than You May Think

So how “advanced” is APT?

Listen in as our tech team discusses various aspects of APT such as:

  • How it has been portrayed.
  • Why it often isn’t an advanced threat
  • Where do they originate?
  • What can companies do about APT?

Panelists:

Brent Huston, CEO and Security Evangelist, MicroSolved, Inc.
Adam Hostetler, Network Engineer and Security Analyst
Phil Grimes, Security Analyst
Mary Rose Maguire, Moderator, Marketing Communication Specialist, MicroSolved, Inc.

Click the embedded player to listen. Or click this link to access downloads. Stay safe!

Tales From a Non-Security Professional, An End-User’s View

I’ve been working in the information security business for two years and have been amazed by what I’ve learned during this time. I remember when I thought, “Information security? Sure. A bunch of geeks patrolling their networks.” I had seen the movie Hackers, after all.

But I had no idea of the breadth and depth of information security. Basically, if you’re using technology, your data is at risk. Any piece of technology that you use that has sensitive data stored can be stolen. It is up to an individual to be proactive when it comes to information security instead of assuming “The IT Team” will take care of it.

Case in point: This morning I read an article from Dark Reading about Intel’s workers thwarting a malicious email virus. Pretty cool. Those workers took the initiative. They didn’t say to themselves, “Hmm. this email looks a little dicey, but I’m sure IT has it covered..”

Instead, each worker who recognized the malicious email immediately contacted the IT department. Because of such quick action, the IT department was able to contain the potential risk and take care of it. This type of response doesn’t happen overnight (And hopefully won’t take two years, either.) but was the result of consistent education.

For me, I’ve tightened up my own personal security posture as a result of hearing what happens when you don’t pay attention. Here are a few precautions I’ve taken:

1) Never leave a laptop in the front seat of your car.

      This may seem basic, but many workers who have a company-owned laptop will often put it on the passenger’s side of the car, or on the floor. It is easy to assume that when you stop to get gas and take a quick detour into the convenience store to grab a drink, that no one will bother your car. Don’t bet on it.

According to a CSI/FBI Computer Crime and Security Survey

      , data loss from laptop theft came in third and fourth behind virus attacks and unauthorized access. Make a habit of placing your laptop in your trunk, away from prying eyes. And if you really want to protect it, carry it around with you. I’ve been known to carry my laptop inside a CVS, and restaurants. I usually say to myself, “How inconvenient/annoying/scary would it be if this laptop was stolen?” Yep. It’s going with me.

2) Passwords, smashwords! We all belong to probably way too many websites that require a password to access it. That’s not even counting the passwords we need to remember for our work email, database, or access to the intranet. We’re also told by our friendly IT team that we need to change those passwords on a regular basis. If you have trouble remembering what you had to eat for breakfast yesterday, much less trying to remember a password you created three months ago, I have the solution: a password vault. I can’t tell you how much this has alleviated the stress of remembering and revising passwords. I use KeePassX, an open-source password vault application.

Whenever I change my password, I immediately open the app and update my entry. Whenever I join a new site that requires a password, I’ll add a new entry. It’s simple and quick, and will protect me from some joker trying to hack into my sites. Once you get into a habit of changing your passwords, it becomes easier. Believe me, this is a heckuva lot easier than scratching out various passwords and usernames on a scrap piece of paper, throwing it into your desk drawer and then trying to find it three months later.

3) Delete stupid emails. This goes back to the “Here You Have” virus that the Intel employees avoided opening. They immediately saw the risk and reported it. Don’t open emails from people or groups that you don’t recognize. In fact, I created a spam folder and just move those types of emails into it if the regular spam filter doesn’t catch them. I empty the folder on a regular basis. No matter how enticing an email header is, if you don’t recognize the sender, trash it. For those who are detail-oriented, you really don’t have to open every email you receive. Really. You probably didn’t win that lottery, anyway.

4) Be suspicious. This one is probably the most difficult for me. I’m a friendly person. I like people. I was raised by two very outgoing parents and hence, I have a soft spot for striking up conversations with perfect strangers. I find I’m a magnet for some of them, too. When you’re in your office, this can be used against you by a clever attacker. If you’re an IT staff person, you may get a call from someone who is in some type of a bad spot and needs access to “their” data at work and gosh, could we just skip the authentication process? Because most of us are wired to help others (thank you very much, customer service training), we obviously try to be of assistance. Meanwhile, the attacker is counting on this and will press an employee to give them information without checking their credentials. If anyone calls me and starts asking a bunch of nosy questions, I’ll start asking mine right back: “What company do you represent? What is your name? What is your phone number? Why do you need to know this information?”

Sometimes asking such questions may feel awkward, but remember, we’re protecting our company’s data. We’re on the front line and a little discomfort can go a long way in winning the battle of security.

These are a few things I’ve learned over time. Information security isn’t only the IT department’s job or the CISO/CTO/CIO’s. It’s a job that belongs to everyone. If I could sum it up, I’d say this: Be aware. Be aware of your surroundings, aware of your technology, aware of access points. Keeping your eyes and ears open will not only save you a bunch of headaches (and perhaps your job) but will save your company money. And in today’s economy, that is a very, very good thing.